Woven is a planar textile structure produced by interlacing two or more sets of yarns, where the yarns pass each other, usually at right angles, and one set of yarns are parallel to the fabric axis. Nonwoven, for geotextiles, is a planar and essentially random textile structure produced by bonding, interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinations thereof.

A geosynthetic formed by a regular network of integrally connected elements with apertures greater than 6.35 mm (1⁄4 in.) to allow interlocking with surrounding soil, rock, earth, and other surrounding materials to function primarily as reinforcement (ASTM D4439).

The increase in length produced in the gage length of the test specimen by a tensile load. The Elongation at break is the elongation corresponding to the maximum load. The Elongation percent for geosynthetics, is the increase in length of a specimen expressed as a percentage of the original gage length (i.e., engineering strain).

A Monofilament yarn is a single continuous strand yarn. A Multifilament yarn consists of many continuous filaments or strands.

A flat, tape-like yarn produced by slitting an extruded film.

Any permeable textile used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of a human-made project, structure, or system.

A generic term for the property that reflects the ability of a material to conduct a fluid or vapor through a porous media such as soil or geotextiles. Properly called hydraulic conductivity relating directly to thickness.

For a geotextile, the volumetric flow rate per unit thickness under laminar flow conditions, within the in-plane direction of the fabric.

For a geotextile, the volumetric flow rate of water per unit cross-section area, per unit head, under laminar flow conditions, in the normal direction through the fabric.

The generic term for all synthetic materials used in geotechnical engineering applications; it includes geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, and geocomposites.

Cross machine is the direction perpendicular to the long, machine, or manufactured direction (synonyms: woven geotextiles, weft direction). The Machine direction, in textiles, is the direction in a machine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement the fabric followed in the manufacturing process (synonyms: lengthwise, or long direction, and for woven geotextiles, warp direction).

Uniaxial geogrid has predominant strength in the machine direction of reinforcement whereas Biaxial geogrid strengths are equal in the cross and machine directions.